To what extent is direct democracy preferable to representative democracy in the UK?

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Evaluate the extent to which referendums have enhanced democracy in the UK.

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To what extent do pressure groups enhance political participation in the UK?

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To what extent has the expansion of the franchise transformed political participation in the UK?

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Evaluate the extent to which social movements are more effective than traditional pressure groups in achieving political change.

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To what extent is declining voter turnout evidence of a participation crisis in the UK?

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To what extent do political parties in the UK still perform their traditional functions effectively?

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Evaluate the extent to which the ideological differences between the Conservative and Labour parties are now greater than at any point since 1979.

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To what extent does the current system of party funding in the UK undermine democratic principles?

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To what extent has the UK moved from a two-party system to a multi-party system?

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Evaluate the extent to which minor parties have had a significant impact on UK politics since 2010.

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To what extent is UK party politics now characterised by adversarial rather than consensus politics?

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To what extent does First Past the Post fail to deliver democratic representation in the UK?

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Evaluate the extent to which proportional electoral systems are superior to majoritarian systems for UK elections.

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To what extent have referendums strengthened democracy in the UK?

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To what extent does the UK's use of multiple electoral systems undermine electoral coherence and voter understanding?

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Evaluate the extent to which elections provide governments with a legitimate mandate to govern.

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To what extent is the case for electoral reform in UK general elections stronger now than it was in 1997?

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To what extent is social class still the most important factor in determining voting behaviour in the UK?

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Evaluate the extent to which valence factors have replaced ideology as the primary driver of voting behaviour in UK general elections.

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To what extent do opinion polls shape rather than reflect voting behaviour in UK elections?

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To what extent is the influence of newspapers on voting behaviour in decline?

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Evaluate the extent to which leadership image has become more important than party policy in determining UK general election outcomes.

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To what extent can the outcomes of recent UK general elections be explained by generational differences in voting behaviour?

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To what extent is parliamentary sovereignty the most important principle of the UK constitution?

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Evaluate the extent to which the UK constitution effectively protects individual rights.

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To what extent have constitutional reforms since 1997 fundamentally changed the UK political system?

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To what extent would a codified constitution benefit the UK political system?

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Evaluate the extent to which the separation of powers operates effectively in the UK.

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To what extent does the rule of law effectively constrain government power in the UK?

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To what extent does the House of Commons effectively hold the executive to account?

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Evaluate the extent to which the House of Lords remains a legitimate part of the UK legislature.

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To what extent has the introduction of departmental select committees transformed Parliament's ability to scrutinise government?

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To what extent do MPs effectively represent their constituents?

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Evaluate the extent to which the legislative process in Parliament is dominated by the executive.

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To what extent is further reform of the House of Lords necessary?

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To what extent is the UK Prime Minister now more presidential than prime ministerial?

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Evaluate the extent to which cabinet government in the UK has been replaced by prime ministerial government.

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To what extent do special advisers enhance rather than undermine democratic accountability in UK government?

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To what extent does the concept of the core executive provide a more accurate model of UK central government than traditional accounts of cabinet government?

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Evaluate the extent to which a Prime Minister's power depends more on political circumstances than on the formal powers of the office.

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To what extent have recent Prime Ministers successfully maintained collective cabinet responsibility?

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To what extent does the UK Supreme Court now pose a significant challenge to parliamentary sovereignty?

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Evaluate the extent to which judicial independence in the UK has been strengthened since 2005.

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To what extent has the Human Rights Act 1998 shifted the balance of power from Parliament to the judiciary?

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Evaluate the extent to which judicial review effectively holds the executive to account in the UK.

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To what extent is tension between Parliament and the courts an inevitable feature of the UK constitution?

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Evaluate the extent to which the rule of law remains an effective constraint on UK government power.

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To what extent do conservatives view human nature as fundamentally flawed?

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Evaluate the extent to which tradition is the defining feature of conservative thought.

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To what extent is one-nation conservatism incompatible with New Right thinking?

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To what extent do conservatives believe that hierarchy is natural and desirable?

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Evaluate the extent to which property is central to conservative ideology.

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To what extent is Oakeshott's conservatism distinct from that of Burke?

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To what extent do classical and modern liberals agree on the concept of freedom?

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Evaluate the extent to which liberals have disagreed over the role of the state.

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To what extent is equality the defining feature of modern liberalism?

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To what extent did Mary Wollstonecraft extend rather than challenge liberal thinking?

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Evaluate the extent to which John Rawls and Robert Nozick represent fundamentally opposed visions of liberalism.

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To what extent is rationalism the most important concept within liberal ideology?

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To what extent is socialism a fundamentally utopian ideology?

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Evaluate the extent to which socialism has abandoned its commitment to equality.

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To what extent do socialists agree about the role of the state?

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To what extent is class the defining concept of socialist ideology?

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Evaluate the extent to which revolutionary socialism is more coherent than social democracy.

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To what extent did the Third Way represent a continuation of socialist thought?

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To what extent do insider pressure groups have more political influence than outsider groups in the UK?

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Evaluate the extent to which pressure groups strengthen democracy in the UK.

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To what extent have pressure groups become more influential in UK politics since 1979?

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To what extent do think tanks and lobbyists undermine democratic accountability in the UK?

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Evaluate the extent to which the methods used by outsider pressure groups are effective in achieving political change.

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To what extent does pluralism accurately describe the way pressure groups operate in UK politics?

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To what extent did EU membership undermine parliamentary sovereignty in the UK?

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Evaluate the extent to which Brexit has transformed the UK's constitutional arrangements.

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To what extent did the EU achieve its aims of political and economic integration?

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To what extent has Brexit strengthened UK democracy?

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Evaluate the extent to which the impact of EU membership on UK politics was primarily economic rather than political.

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To what extent does the UK's relationship with the EU remain politically significant post-Brexit?

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To what extent do liberal and radical feminists agree on the causes of gender inequality?

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Evaluate the extent to which patriarchy is the defining concept of feminist thought.

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To what extent is feminism a single coherent ideology?

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To what extent have liberal feminist reforms achieved genuine equality for women?

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Evaluate the extent to which socialist feminism is more persuasive than liberal feminism.

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To what extent is intersectionality a challenge to or a development of feminist thought?

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To what extent is nationalism an inherently aggressive ideology?

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Evaluate the extent to which liberal nationalism is compatible with internationalism.

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To what extent is expansionist nationalism fundamentally different from liberal nationalism?

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To what extent do conservatives and nationalists share ideological common ground?

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To what extent is the nation the most important political community?

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Evaluate the extent to which nationalism has been a progressive or reactionary force in modern history.

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To what extent does ecologism challenge the core assumptions of other political ideologies?

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Evaluate the extent to which dark green and light green ecologism represent fundamentally different worldviews.

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To what extent is ecologism compatible with economic growth?

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To what extent do ecologists and socialists share a common critique of capitalism?

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Evaluate the extent to which ecologism is the most radical of the contemporary political ideologies.

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To what extent is sustainability the defining concept of ecologism?

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To what extent do anarchists agree about the use of violence to achieve political change?

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Evaluate the extent to which anarchism is a utopian ideology.

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To what extent is anarchism compatible with socialism?

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To what extent do anarchists and liberals share common ideological ground?

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Evaluate the extent to which collectivist anarchism is more coherent than individualist anarchism.

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To what extent is the rejection of the state the defining feature of anarchist thought?

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To what extent is multiculturalism compatible with liberal values?

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Evaluate the extent to which multiculturalism has strengthened or weakened social cohesion in the UK.

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To what extent do liberals and multiculturalists agree on the importance of individual rights?

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To what extent is recognition of cultural difference the defining feature of multiculturalist thought?

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Evaluate the extent to which multiculturalism represents a challenge to nationalism.

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To what extent has the retreat from multiculturalism in European politics strengthened or weakened liberal democracy?

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